Early Signs of Oral Cancer: What to Watch For

Oral cancer, or mouth cancer, can develop in various parts of the mouth—including lips, tongue, cheeks, gums, and the roof or floor of the mouth. Early detection is crucial, as it greatly improves the chances of successful treatment.

However, early symptoms are often subtle and easily overlooked. One key warning sign is a sore in the mouth that doesn’t heal within two weeks. These sores may appear on the lips, gums, or inner cheeks and often don’t hurt initially but need medical evaluation.

Changes in tissue color are another important signal. White patches (leukoplakia), red patches (erythroplakia), or areas that are a mix of both can indicate abnormal cell growth and should be checked by a healthcare professional.

Other signs include unexplained bleeding, lumps, thickened or rough patches inside the mouth or throat, and persistent numbness or tingling in the lips, chin, or tongue. Difficulty chewing, swallowing, or speaking also warrants immediate attention, as these can be symptoms of oral or throat cancer. Chronic bad breath that doesn’t improve with hygiene might also signal a deeper problem.

Risk factors for oral cancer include tobacco use, heavy drinking, HPV infection, excessive sun exposure, poor diet, and being over age 40. People with these risks should prioritize regular dental screenings—experts recommend visits at least twice a year.

In summary, oral cancer is highly treatable if caught early. Awareness of persistent mouth changes and timely medical care can save lives.