Oral Cancer: What You Need to Know

Oral cancer is a serious condition that can affect the lips, tongue, gums, cheeks, and the floor of the mouth. Often painless in the early stages, it can go unnoticed until it becomes advanced. That’s why early detection is vital—and why regular dental visits matter.

What Is Oral Cancer?

It occurs when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in the mouth. Types include:

• Lip Cancer – Linked to sun exposure and tobacco.

• Tongue Cancer – May present as persistent ulcers.

• Cheek or Gum Cancer – Often mistaken for minor issues.

• Floor of Mouth Cancer – Hard to detect early.

Warning Signs

Watch for:

• Sores that don’t heal in 2 weeks

• Red or white patches

• Lumps or swelling

• Difficulty chewing/swallowing

• Persistent hoarseness

• Loose teeth or numbness

If you notice these, see a dentist or oral cancer specialist immediately.

Risk Factors

• Tobacco and alcohol use

• Prolonged sun exposure

• HPV infection (especially HPV-16)

• Poor oral hygiene

• Family history of cancer

Stages & Detection

Oral cancer progresses in stages 0 to IV. Early-stage cancers are far more treatable. Dentists are often the first to spot symptoms, so visit at least twice a year.

Prevention Tips

• Quit tobacco and limit alcohol

• Protect lips from sun

• Practice good oral hygiene

• Eat a healthy diet

• Consider the HPV vaccine

Final Thought

Oral cancer can be silent but deadly. Vigilance, regular check-ups, and healthy habits can save lives.