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Researchers have become increasingly interested in understanding why some people live to be 100 while others do not, especially now that reaching such advanced ages is more common than in previous generations. One major question scientists explored was whether routine blood tests taken many years earlier could help predict who might go on to reach exceptional longevity. According to the study authors, participants were followed in Swedish national registers for as long as 35 years, allowing researchers to connect early-life or mid-life biological patterns with long-term outcomes. The study focused on ordinary blood markers—such as glucose, cholesterol, kidney function, liver health, and inflammation—that most people have measured during standard medical exams.

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To conduct this investigation, researchers used data from the AMORIS cohort, a large population database in Sweden. They examined information from 44,636 individuals who underwent blood testing sometime between 1985 and 1996. Out of this large group, 1,224 people ultimately lived to the age of 100, giving researchers enough cases to compare centenarians with those who did not reach that age. The researchers emphasized that half of all participants were followed for more than ten years, which strengthened the reliability of the observed trends. Long follow-up periods make it easier to detect patterns between early measurements and eventual lifespan.

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The study uncovered several notable findings related to longevity. One of the most surprising results concerned cholesterol: individuals with very low cholesterol levels actually had reduced chances of reaching 100. Meanwhile, having high cholesterol did not significantly increase or decrease the likelihood. In other words, extremely low cholesterol seemed more concerning than high cholesterol. Additionally, extremely high levels of glucose, uric acid, and several kidney or liver markers were associated with lower odds of exceptional longevity. These findings suggest that various forms of metabolic imbalance—even if they do not appear dangerous in the short term—may have long-term implications for aging.

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When researchers reviewed the data as a whole, a broader pattern became clear. People with extreme values—either unusually high or unusually low—across multiple blood markers tended to have lower chances of reaching 100. This pattern did not apply to just one metric, but appeared across several types of tests that reflect different bodily systems. These results imply that overall physiological stability, rather than perfect numbers in any single category, may play an important role in long-term survival. The study’s conclusions therefore point toward the value of maintaining balanced health rather than focusing on achieving specific numerical targets.

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Taken together, the findings suggest that moderation and balance may be essential components of exceptional longevity. Instead of highlighting one perfect biomarker, the researchers showed that avoiding extreme levels—whether too high or too low—was associated with better long-term outcomes. While more research is needed to understand the biological mechanisms behind these patterns, the results reinforce a broader principle in health science: long-term resilience may depend on steady, stable function across the body’s major systems. The study ultimately provides evidence that ordinary health measurements taken decades earlier can offer meaningful insight into who may live longer than average.